Reproduction

Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual.

Sexual
Sexual reproduction is a biological process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. Each of two parent organisms contributes half of the offspring's genetic makeup. In humanoid species, the two sexes are referred to as simply the markers S (producing sperm) and E (producing ova or eggs). However, these terms refer only to the role each humanoid plays in the process of reproduction, as a humanoid may have more than two "sexes."

Sexually reproducing organisms have different sets of genes for every trait (called alleles). Offspring inherit one allele for each trait from each parent. Thus, offspring have a combination of the parents' genes. However, some races' genes are stronger than others; thus, offspring that are a hybrid of two races may inherit more physical genes from one parent or the other.

Asexual
In the last few centuries, scientists have perfected asexual reproduction, often used by same-sex parents. There are two methods of asexual reproduction between humanoids.

Artificial Womb
An artificial womb is a small machine, somewhat resembling an incubator, in which two parents' genetic material is mixed. This is most common in male same-sex couples, as well as with Vampires. The mixed material is injected into a 3D-printed, gene-less egg, and slowly develops in the artificial womb, much like it would within a humanoid. Because the dome on the artificial womb is transparent, it allows the parents to watch the fetus develop, as well as monitor the fetus for any abnormal developments. This process takes nine months, just as it would in a natural birth.

Same-Sex Pregnancy
Same-sex pregnancy has been made possible by several methods. The most common, usually used in female same-sex couples, involves taking the genetic material of one female, converting it into sperm, and inseminating the other female with the converted material. This process is relatively simple and inexpensive, but requires a specialized doctor, which may be difficult to find in some areas.

The other method involves body magic. One parent can become temporarily magically transformed into the opposite sex (or, transformed to have a functioning womb or penis), in order to impregnate the other, or to carry a child to term. This is rarely done with S same-sex couples, but is not unheard of.